Bea Arthur joined the Marine Corps when she was 20 years old and served for more than two years as a driver and dispatcher at a base in North Carolina.
Bea Arthur, comedian. Bea Arthur, singer. Bea Arthur… Marine?
The statuesque actress is best known for her roles in All in the Family, Maude, and The Golden Girls. But Arthur also had a career as a U.S. Marine during World War II. Though she stayed private about her service, Arthur served for over two years — and even showed a glimpse of her famous personality on the job.
This is the little-known story of Bea Arthur’s military career.
US Marine Corps Recruitment Poster
The U.S. Marines encouraged women to enlist in February 1943, and Bea Arthur soon answered their call. On Feb. 13, 1943, the U.S. Marines Corps put out a call for American women to enlist in the new Women’s Reserve (MCWR). With the United States engaged in World War II, the Marines encouraged women to “Be a Marine… Free a Marine to Fight.”
Arthur, the daughter of immigrants from Poland and Austria, had worked a number of odd jobs after attending Blackstone College for Girls in Virginia. But when she learned about the Women’s Reserve, she decided to enlist right away.
“I was supposed to start work yesterday, but I heard last week that enlistment for women in the Marines was open, so decided the only thing to do was to join,” Arthur wrote in her enlistment paperwork. She noted that she would prefer to be assigned to “ground aviation” but that she was “willing to get in now and do whatever is desired of me until such time as ground schools are organized.”
Enlistment Letter
A letter Bea Arthur — then Bernice Frankel — wrote expressing her interest in the U.S. Marines. On Feb. 18, just five days after the initial call for women to join the MCWR, Bea Arthur enlisted.
Enlisting In The United States Marine Corps Women’s Reserve
As Reserve & National Guard Magazine wrote in 2021, women enlistees had to be unmarried and without any children under the age of 18. They had to be at least 60 inches (five feet) tall and weigh at least 95 pounds. And if they were under the age of 21, they had to get parental consent, which Arthur did.
A photo of Bea Arthur taken during her service with the U.S. Marines. The photograph is dated Feb. 20, 1943 — just two days after Arthur enlisted.
Next, Bea Arthur had to submit letters of recommendation and pass several personality tests.
One such test, conducted on Feb. 18, found that Arthur was “trim,” “alert,” and in possession of a “fluent, excellent vocabulary.” The test also noted, however, that Arthur was “argumentative,” “over aggressive,” and “frank and open” (attributes which her characters like Dorothy Zbornak later became known for).
“Officious,” noted Ensign V. K. Outwin, who conducted the test, “but probably a good worker if she has her own way!”
A second test also found that Arthur was well-poised and had good taste and that her behavior was ingratiating, frank, and open.
Bea Arthur’s personality test found that she was “trim” and “alert” but also “argumentative” and “over aggressive.”
About a month later, on March 18, 1943, Bea Arthur was called to active duty. After going through basic training at the U.S. Naval Training School at Hunter College in New York, Bea Arthur was assigned to the U.S. Marine Corps headquarters in Washington D.C.
There, she briefly worked as a typist before requesting a transfer to the Motor Transport School at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina. Arthur wrote that she could be “of more value to the Marine Corps in this duty because of past experience,” and she arrived at Camp Lejeune in July 1943.
Six weeks later, she was transferred to the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station in Cherry Point, North Carolina, where she worked as a driver and a dispatcher. Arthur was promoted to corporal in August 1943 and then to sergeant that December. By June 1945, she’d been promoted once more to staff sergeant.
Along the way, Arthur also met her husband, a fellow Marine named Robert Aurthur. She took his name — and later modified it during her acting career — which was reflected on her military documentation.
She was honorably discharged on Sept. 26, 1945, having committed just one infraction during her 30 months of service. According to War History Online, she contracted a venereal disease in 1944 which left her “incapacitated for duty” for five weeks. During that time, her pay was docked.
This is, perhaps, why Bea Arthur never spoke publicly about her time in the Marines. In fact, she outright denied her service during a 2001 interview.
Bea Arthur In The Marines To Hollywood Stardom
Shortly after leaving the Marines, Bea Arthur attended drama school in New York and then began performing in off-Broadway shows. However, her big break didn’t come until 1964 when she was cast as Yente the Matchmaker in the Broadway premiere of Fiddler on the Roof. Arthur’s success on the stage led to success on the screen, and her guest spot on All in the Family in 1971 was such a hit that she got her own spinoff show, Maude, which ran from 1972 to 1978.
Bea Arthur As Maude
Bea Arthur’s guest appearance on All in the Family was so popular that she got her own spinoff.
From there, Arthur also starred in The Golden Girls, which ran for seven seasons beginning in 1985. She played the acerbic Dorothy Zbornak, who — like Bea Arthur in her military evaluations — was alert, aggressive, and frank.
But Bea Arthur never spoke about her time in the U.S. Marines.
In a 2001 interview with the Television Academy Foundation, Arthur was asked how World War II had affected her. She responded: “Like everybody else… [it was] traumatic.” And when the interviewer noted that she’d heard that Arthur had joined the Marines, Arthur quickly replied: “Oh, no… no.”
The reason for Arthur’s denial is unknown. It’s possible she could have been ashamed about contracting a venereal disease during the war. The Reserve & National Guard Magazine also speculates that, as a woman, she didn’t see herself as a “veteran” or that her embrace of liberal causes like LGBTQ+ rights led her to distance herself from the military.
For reasons unknown, Bea Arthur denied her military career in 2001. Her records did not become public knowledge until 2010, the year after her death.
Her son told the magazine that his mother rarely spoke of her service beyond saying that “she could drive any vehicle.”
In any case, the truth about Bea Arthur’s Marine service did not come out until 2010, a year after her death. Though many people know about her acting career, far fewer knew about her military career — or that Bernice Frankel, at the age of 20, became one of the first women to sign up for the United States Marine Corps Women’s Reserve.
